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Child support is often a topic in my divorce and paternity case appointments I have as a family law attorney in Jacksonville, Florida. As a divorce and family law attorney, I meet with clients to explain their rights and options and what are provided for under Florida law. Child support is a hot topic for many, especially when they are divorcing and there have previously been talks of college and how to pay for it. In Florida, child support is ruled by Statutes, which establish how to calculate child support and for how long child support must be paid.
During a marriage, it is common for spouses to discuss their children's future as it relates to school and continuing on to college. College is an expense that many parents are concerned about, and rightfully so. As more kids decide to go to college due to the necessity of having a degree to find a job, parents think more about how they will pay for the rising cost of tuition and living expenses. However, when the parents decide to divorce, they now consider child support to get the kid through high school and wonder how it will impact the child's ability to attend college.
Florida Statute 61.30 provides for the child support guidelines and establishes the time frame in which child support is required. Said guidelines provide for child support of the child through his/her 18th birthday, or date of graduation if there is an expected graduation date after the 18th birthday and the child is on track to graduate. If the child is not on track to graduate until she or he turns 19, then the child support can be extended through that expected date of graduation. Also, if the child has been diagnosed with an illness, disability or mental health problem and needs ongoing, long-term care, then child support may be provided for an indefinite period of time. However, there is not a provision that requires either parent to support a relatively healthy child through college. The only way that may be accomplished is if both parents agree to have it put into an order.
If the parents consent to ongoing support through college, then the agreement should be written with the financial expectations of each parent. If the parties agree to continue supporting their child through college, then the document should have how each parent will be contributing and what expenses will be handled by each of them and/or jointly. The reason for this is that without details specifying the obligation, the court may have a difficult time deciphering the intent of the parties if either party tried to have the order enforced for noncompliance of the other.
In most cases, parties are able to negotiate the terms of their divorce, time-sharing, child support, etc. In so doing, they can have more control over the outcome of the case versus waiting for the judge to make the ultimate decision as it relates to them and their children. Having more control over the outcome can also lead to interesting negotiations that can be more creative and may think through more long-term issues then what the court will ultimately rule on, like college. It is a good idea to speak with a family law attorney about your rights and options.
Jacksonville Divorce Lawyer Blog
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Lieback’s suit against McDonald’s was ultimately settled out of court, and the fast food giant has since been free of hot coffee claimants. Until now. Not one, but two new lawsuits were filed by Chicago residents last week against McDonald’s for injuries caused by the chain’s lava-like brew, Chicago Business reports.
Lynn Abdelal, a 4-year-old, was eating at a McDonald’s in Harwood Heights when her grandmother asked her to throw an empty coffee cup in the trash. Instead of tossing the cup, however, Abdelal went to get a refill. A McDonald’s employee handed the child a cup of freshly-brewed coffee without securing the lid or placing it in a cardboard sleeve.
Abdelal spilled hot coffee on her chest, causing severe second-degree burns and permanent scarring. Abdelal is seeking $ 2.5 million in punitive damages, $ 1 million for pain and suffering, and $ 250,000 in compensatory damages.
In another suit, Melissa Pettigrew claimed that she received “horrific” burns after spilling coffee on her thighs at a McDonald’s in Rockford. Like Abdelal, Pettigrew argues that the spill was caused in part by an unsecured lid.
Under a theory of negligence, Abdelal and Pettigrew will likely argue that McDonald’s employees failed to show reasonable care by neglecting to secure the lids. Abdelal also claims that McDonald’s was negligent in handing a cup of hot coffee to a 4-year-old. If the court applies principles of comparative negligence, however, it may find that Abdelal’s grandma is also to blame for failing to supervise her granddaughter.
McDonald’s may decide to settle these suits as well, in order to avoid costly litigation. Depending on the outcomes, restaurants may have another wave of hot coffee suits on their hands.
Related Resources:
Find a Chicago Personal Injury Attorney (FindLaw)
McDonald’s Coffee Lawsuits Return — Twice (The Huffington Post)
Negligence: Background (FindLaw)
That’s Hot! The Lawsuit Against Hot Food Survives (FindLaw)
The Chicago Personal Injury Law Blog
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In a Florida divorce, there are often concerns posed by potential divorcees about legal fees. Hiring an attorney can be beneficial to the preservation of your rights as they relate to alimony, child support, child custody (time-sharing issues), division of property and the like. However, attorney fees are also an expense that can sometimes be afforded by one party more than the other. The question then arises as to, "How can I hire a divorce lawyer if my spouse is the one working?" There are multiple answers to this question, which can be answered by your Jacksonville divorce lawyer, but a common answer is that the spouse making the majority of the money may be responsible for the other party's attorney fees so that the discrepancy in income does not lead to unfair advantage in the courtroom.
However, disparity in incomes is not the only way that attorney fees and costs related to your divorce may be paid by the other party. Typically, when you first hire an attorney you are quoted a retainer based on the issues surrounding your case, the experience of the attorney, and the hourly rate charged by the attorney. However, if the other party forces excessive litigation against the other party, then there is the possibility of being awarded attorney fees for the unnecessary litigation actions of that party. For example, if you hire an attorney to represent you in a divorce with no children, no marital home, some assets (vehicles, furniture, etc.), and some debt (one or two credit cards), then the divorce should not be overly complicated because there is not a lot to fight over in the world of equitable distribution. However, if your spouse tries to argue over everything, a fork, a spoon, a knife and a light bulb and in the process creates additional and excessive legal fees. The courts have held that the party responsible for creating, "vexatious and frivolous litigation," can be held responsible for the fees incurred as a result, Taylor v. Taylor, 734 So.2d 473 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999).
Also, in Rosen v. Rosen, 696 So. 2d 697, 700-01 (Fla. 1997), the Florida Supreme Court addressed the issue of attorney fees which, "has been interpreted as authorizing an award of attorney's fees against a spouse for 'over litigation." The idea is that if a spouse is pursuing topics or arguments in the litigation which have no true basis have no prospect of winning, then that spouse can be held liable for the attorney's fees associated with pursuing the action. For example, if the spouse is trying to get an award of the other spouse's future inheritance, then there is no chance that the litigation will be prosperous for that spouse and the fees associated with pursuing the losing action can be held against the pursuing spouse.
The concept behind these court rulings regarding attorney's fees and costs is to reduce the amount of unnecessary litigation in a divorce. The courts would rather the parties focus on the issues that are at hand via Florida statute versus trying to solve their own personal issues within the litigation and ultimately pushing one or both spouses into further debt.
Jacksonville Divorce Lawyer Blog
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As a Jacksonville, Florida divorce lawyer, I handle cases dealing with primary time-sharing issues, previously known as custody battles. In representing one parent against the other, my job is not only to represent my client, but to also make certain that in doing so I am preserving what is in the best interest of the child. The best interest of the child standard is used throughout almost every state in determining issues such as custody, time-sharing, visitation, parental responsibility, and the like. When the best interest of the child is in jeopardy the courts find it their duty to protect the children from irreparable harm, both physically and mentally.
A parent who fights for custody simply because she or he does not want to pay child support or simply because she or he needs child support, are not looking out for the best interest of the child, but their own best interest. This type of divorce and custody dispute can lead parties to make poor decisions for the children and cause a rift in their relationship with the children and also with the other parent, thus making it difficult to make big decisions together for the sake of the children. Once the case is over, the judge does not have a magic wand to put all relationships back as if the battle never occurred. Typically, the child will then grow-up with parents that barely communicate and the child may or may not have a solid relationship with each parent at the end of the day.
Bringing children into your legal battle is not for the child's benefit. The child should be protected from the divorce battle or custody battle that is ongoing with the other parent. When the court is looking to which parent is the best choice to take care of the child the majority of the time, the judge typically looks for which parent is more likely to look after the interests of the child, help to foster a good relationship with the child and the other parent, etc. A drawn out dispute that leads to false allegations and actions of emotional or physical harm to a child is not going to bode well with any judge in Florida. Therefore, keeping these things at bay as parents, and trying to resolve matters in a light most favorable to the kids is more important than the financial strain of paying child support.
Jacksonville Divorce Lawyer Blog
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A Florida divorce in today's economy can be tricky given the financial circumstances in which many people find themselves. Though there is economic recovery, the fact remains that many people are still underwater when it comes to their homes or properties and Jacksonville, Florida is no different. In a Florida divorce, the assets and the debts accumulated during the marriage are equitably divided in accordance with Florida Statute 61.075. An equitable distribution of property and debt can often be unequal if there is a disparity in the incomes or there is more than one significant debt held by the parties, then dividing the responsibility for each can be challenging.
In Florida, most often the home is often ordered to be sold unless the parties have a minor child. Given the marketplace and the realities facing many people who are upside down on their home, equitably dividing house debt can be a challenge. The concern for many is that even if the house were to be placed on the market, there is no way to recover the actual amount owed, so a short sale would have to be approved. Therefore, the parties are on the hook for whatever portion is remaining as a set-off. Also, the concern is that if one party is to take the home, then there is a strong likelihood that at some point, that party will be living rent free in the home until kicked out by foreclosure, thus strapping the other party with an unnecessary debt.
Recently, a Florida couple was divorcing and the wife wanted to keep the marital home because she did not want it to be foreclosed upon or sold as a short sale given her credit. The trial judge awarded her the home, but did not divide the debt owed on the home since there was a strong likelihood, in today's economy, that she would end up living there rent free until kicked out by a foreclosure process. The trial court even noted the reality that many people are just turning in their keys and walking away from the home, thus not thinking it pertinent to divide the debt between the parties equitably.
The 3rd District Court of Appeals in Florida felt differently and found that the legal basis provided by the trial court for not dividing the debt was insufficient. The appellate court ruled that the legal rational by the trial court was not enough to actually defeat the Florida law requirement for equitable distribution. In its opinion, the court found that even if the parties were to walk away from the property, they could be strapped with a deficiency judgment, which would allow the bank to collect against one or both of them. Therefore, the court ordered that the foreseeable debt regarding the home did need to be equitably distributed to the parties.
In a divorce the marital home is often sold and the parties equally take responsibility for any debt owed or they equally take the net profit. The party that takes care of the payments while the house is on the market, or kept, is often given a credit for the payments made since the divorce. With the realities of foreclosure in Florida, the fact remains that there may be no debt to inevitably divide, but the court should at least provide a provision for how the debt will be paid if there ever is a deficiency.
Jacksonville Divorce Lawyer Blog
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Diana Paz had been out drinking in September when she was pulled over by a police for driving the wrong way down the street in the early morning hours. Paz was arrested on suspicion of drunk driving and taken to the Westchester Police Department, reports the Chicago Tribune. The police held Paz for a couples hours before she posted bond and was released.
Because Paz had no money, no cell phone, or no way of getting home, the arresting officer decided to drop the young woman off at a nearby gas station where presumably she would call someone to pick her up. Instead of calling for a lift, Paz decided to walk home and was struck and killed by a pickup truck shortly after police left.
Paz's family is now questioning how the police could have left the drunk woman alone in the middle of the night at a gas station when she had no way of getting home. In a wrongful death lawsuit, the family will have to show that the police acted negligently or carelessly in leaving the woman alone and that this carelessness caused Paz's death.
The issue in this case will likely revolve around causation and the foreseeability of the harm. Paz's family would likely argue that had police kept Paz at the station until she sobered up, she would likely still be alive today. A pretty strong argument.
On the other hand, the police could defend its actions as being stupid, but not directly responsible for Paz's death. After all, they could not have predicted that Paz would walk home and that a pickup truck driver would strike her.
The family of Diana Paz brought a wrongful death lawsuit, and it will be up to a court to decide who is to blame for the young woman's death.
Related Resources:
Find a Chicago Personal Injury Attorney (FindLaw)
Family files lawsuit over highway death (ABC)
Proving Fault: What is Negligence? (FindLaw)
The Chicago Personal Injury Law Blog
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Alimony in a Florida divorce can be challenging to understand because it factors in multiple things, including the need for alimony and an ability to pay alimony. Once the divorce is final and alimony is awarded, the case is not really over. As a Jacksonville divorce lawyer, one thing I have recognized over the years is the repeat client. Unfortunately, while the divorce may be trying, getting someone to pay alimony, even when ordered, can be tricky. The paying party and the receiving party may find themselves back in court for a modification before the alimony is paid in full. A modification can be done when one or both parties have a substantial change in circumstance (i.e. health issues, long-term unemployment, etc.). Another factor that impacts alimony is cohabitation of the receiving party. Co-habitation is factor because it is believed that if you are living with someone, then you are receiving some financial support from them, thus impacting your need for alimony.
Often, clients will ask me whether the court will consider the co-habitation of the paying party as well. This is more common when the new girl/boyfriend or husband/wife makes a decent income. Recently, the Florida appellate court decided that such a relationship is a fact to be considered in determining whether the paying party has an actual ability to pay alimony as previously ordered. First, the appellate court in a recent case found that the alimony paying former husband could not rely on his co-habitation for purposes of modifying alimony. Morrell v. Morrell, 2D10-303 (Fla. 2nd DCA March 14, 2012). However, the court then ruled that his live-in companion's financial assistance could be considered in determining whether he had an ability to pay alimony. The reason is that the Former Husband's companion's financial contributions more than likely reduce the Former Husband's actual monthly expenses, thus decreasing his financial burden.
A live-in companion would most likely not voluntarily provide his/her records to a prior spouse, so speak with an attorney to find out the best way to get the pertinent records. Most likely, a request for such financial information will need to be limited to the issues before the court and an attorney can best help in preparing the request. Be prepared for some push-back because the release of financial information is often very personal to people, so you have to be prepared for any type of ability to communicate with your ex to dissipate with such a request. However, alimony is often designed to help an individual with his/her daily expenses and is relied upon, so at the end of the day, the request is not personal, it's just business.
Jacksonville Divorce Lawyer Blog
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Florida child support is calculated based on child support guidelines established by statute. In Florida, child support is based on the combined income of the parties and their pro rata (apportioned rate) that they each contribute. The calculation allows for credits to be given the to the parent that pays child's insurance and daycare expenses. As a Jacksonville family lawyer, I often explain to clients that child support is based on their relative incomes because the child is entitled to live as if the parents were under the same roof. However, once child support is established, the court can enforce any back-owed child support up to two years from the date of the original filing of a petition for support. In that situation, the court can actually establish arrearage that must be paid back, sometimes at a minimal rate.
Recently, there was an appeal regarding whether child support arrearage can have an interest rate attached to it and if there can be a change to how it is paid back, since often it is at $ 20 per month. The Florida appellate court laid out the following guidelines for establishing interest and payments:
a. That a final order creates or establishes the presumption that the responsible party has an ability to pay the child support ordered and a presumption that the paying party would have the ability to pay the purge amount (full amount owed) at the time of a contempt hearing. A contempt or enforcement hearing is normally held when one or both parties fail to perform in accordance with the court.
b. At the contempt hearing, the responsible party has the burden of proving that s/he lacks the ability to pay.
c. The installment payments established for back child support must be reasonable and an amount that has the child support arrearage paid back by the time the child reaches the age of majority (18 or graduates from high school).
d. If the receiving party requests an interest be charged, then the court must grant the interest. The interest would start at the time when the obligation was due.
What this helps to establish is that there is an ability to get interest on past owed child support. Interest is determined by Florida statute and is often updated on an annual basis given changes in inflation. The other factor that this helps establish is that back-owed child support needs to be pain, in full, by the time the child support obligation ends so that there are not pending payments owed until the child is in his/her 50s, since that defeats the point of child support as it is intended by law.
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In a wrongful death lawsuit brought against the Illinois Central Railroad Company, the railroad company agreed to settle the University Park railroad death with Lunn’s family for $ 6 million, reports the Chicago Sun-Times.
In April 2010, Lunn was returning home from the American Dance Awards contest at Governors State University when she approached the Stuenkel Road crossing. Videos from the accident show a Chicago-bound Amtrak train barreling down the train tracks and a total absence of lights, bells, or other warnings that a train was coming, reports the Sun-Times. Witnesses to the accident confirmed the same thing.
Shortly before the deadly collision, it was reported that railroad crew members were performing work on the tracks. It's not clear what they were doing, but they may have been responsible for the warning signs not working.
Generally, in a wrongful death action, the plaintiffs have to show that the negligence or carelessness of the defendant resulted in the death. In this case, it seems pretty clear that the carelessness of the Illinois Central Railroad Company resulted in the warning signs not working and Katie Lunn's death. Even if the railroad workers did not turn off the warning devices, there is no other excuse for these warnings to have not worked. Instead of fighting a losing battle in court, the company decided to settle the case.
The family of Katie Lunn will receive $ 6 million for the University Park Railroad death. The warning signs should have been working, and if they had, Lunn would likely still be alive today.
Related Resources:
Find a Chicago Personal Injury Attorney (FindLaw)
$ 6 million settlement in rail crossing death (FindLaw)
Wrongful Death FAQ (FindLaw)
The Chicago Personal Injury Law Blog
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